The 26-year-old has scored 27 goals for the Whites this season, adding to the 34 and 20 he scored the previous two seasons, and he picked up the FourFourTwo award as a result.
Beckford is out of contract at the end of the season and is expected to leave Leeds, for whom he has scored 81 goals in the last three seasons.
Commenting on the award, outgoing Football League chairman Lord Mawhinney said: "Once again these awards have given us the opportunity to honour those clubs and individuals whose commitment to the game or their local community goes beyond the call of duty. The fifth Football League Awards have been an enormous success, and I congratulate all the winners on their achievements."