The striker took more than 50% of the vote after becoming the fifth player in the club's history to score 30 goals in a season.
Fabian Delph was rewarded for his outstanding season with three individual awards.
The midfielder won the fans Young Player of the Year, the goal of the season, and the Players' Player of the Year.
Beckford beat Robert Snodgrass to the top award. His 31 goals this season have helped Leeds into the League One play-off positions as they look to end a two-year stay in League One.
Delph, 19, who has risen through the club's academy and is now an established first-team player, won the Goal of the Season award for his wonder strike against Brighton in January.
Midfielder Andrew Hughes was given the club's 'Most Contribution to the Community' award, while Jonathon Douglas and Ben Parker both picked up Chairman's Special awards.