It will be the third time Leeds have played the Rams on the opening day in the previous 14 seasons.
United face another East Midlands opponent in their first away trip of the Championship campaign when they make the trip down the M1 to face Nottingham Forest on Saturday, August 14, before a home date with Millwall on August 21.
United's Boxing Day fixture sees them face Leicester City at the Walkers Stadium and then Portsmouth at Elland Road two days later.
Leeds start off 2011 with a home game with Gordon Strachan and Gary McAllister's Middlesbrough on New Year's Day and then visit Cardiff City two days later on Monday, January 3.
Easter fixtures see Leeds host Reading on Easter Saturday, April 23 and a trip to Crystal Palace on Bank Holiday Monday.
The Whites end their campaign with a trip to the capital to face Neil Warnock's QPR on Sunday, May 8.