Naylor came safely through his first competitive outing since back surgery in June.
United named him in their starting line-up last night and first-team boss Simon Grayson was in the stands at The Riverside to watch him command a young defence which contained Boro and laid the foundation for Leeds reserves' second win of the season.
Boro's team featured Austrian international Emanuel Pogatetz and former Paris St Germain midfielder Didier Digard, both of whom were returning from injury, and the hosts' composure in possession was evident in the first half.
United soaked up constant pressure but restricted a slick Boro side to just a few efforts on goal, the best of which was a 20-yard shot from Jonathan Franks which Casper Ankergren parried with both hands, and Leeds opened the scoring against the run of play in the 25th minute.
The visitors were awarded a free-kick on the edge of Boro's box after a foul on Davide Somma and Enoch Showunmi's deflected effort span past Brad Jones.
Neil Thompson's side added a second nine minutes before half-time when Tresor Kandol headed head home Liam Darville's right-wing cross.
Naylor was replaced by Adam Watson in the 61st minute and Kyle Oliver pulled a goal back with a close-range header in the final 10 minutes.
Reserve-team striker Tom Elliott, who was not involved last night, is set to join League Two Bury on a three-month loan.
Leeds: Ankergren, Darville, Naylor (Watson 61), Milne, Turner (Brooker 83), Prutton, Kilkenny, Falkingham, Somma, Showunmi (Hatfield 83), Kandol. Subs Unused: Whitwell, Jones